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CAT Collection
'Critically Appraised Topics'. Here you will find a list of papers and links to their critical appraisals. All the CATs used in the reviews are included. In addition to these CATs are many others on a wide range of topics ("Random CATs"). These are for general interest. They may well be used for future projects. We would welcome CATs on any subject. CAT explanation page Link CATmaker instructions Link CATmaker software download Link
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Comparison of Two Fluid-Management Strategies in Acute Lung Injury. NEJM 2006; 354:2564-2575 CAT by Peter Hersey The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Pulmonary-Artery versus Central Venous Catheter to Guide Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. NEJM 2006; 354:2213-2224 CAT by Peter Hersey. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids for Persistent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. NEJM 2006; 354: 1671-1684. CAT by Brian Cuthbertson. Martin GS, Moss M, Wheeler A, Mealer M, Morris J, Bernard G: A randomised, controlled trial of furosemide with or without albumin in hypoproteinaemic patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2005; 33:1681-7. CAT by David MacNair & Brian Cuthbertson Spragg RG, et al, Effect of Recombinant Surfactant Protein C- based Surfactant on the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Engl J Med 2004; 351:884-92. CAT By Basu Bhadrajkumar. Updated Review: ARDS (I) Limited TV - Dr Brian Cuthbertson Browler RG, et al. Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing traditional vesus reduced tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. N Engl J Med 1999;27:1492-8 cat
Stewart TE et al. Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998;338:355-61 cat
Brochard L et al. Tidal volume reduction for prevention of ventilator-induced ling injury in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158:1831-8 cat
Amato MBP, et al. Effect of protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:347-54 cat
ARDSnet. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1301-8 cat
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network. Higher versus Lower Positive End-Expiratory Pressures in Patients with Acute respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Eng J Med 2004;351;327-36. CAT. by B Cuthbertson.
Review: ARDS (II) Prone / NO - Dr Brian Cuthbertson
Gattinoni L. Tognoni G. Pesenti A. Taccone P. Mascheroni D. Labarta V. Malacrida R. Di Giulio P. Fumagalli R. Pelosi P. Brazzi L. Latini R. Prone-Supine Study Group. Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 345(8):568-73. CAT.
Staudinger T. Kofler J. Mullner M. Locker GJ. Laczika K. Knapp S. Losert H. Frass M. Comparison of prone positioning and continuous rotation of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome: results of a pilot study. Critical Care Medicine 2001. 29(1):51-6. Abstract
Lundin S. Mang H. Smithies M. Stenqvist O. Frostell C. Inhalation of nitric oxide in acute lung injury: results of a European multicentre study. The European Study Group of Inhaled Nitric Oxide. Intensive Care Medicine 1999 25(9):911-9. CAT.
Dellinger RP. Zimmerman JL. Taylor RW. Straube RC. Hauser DL. Criner GJ. Davis K Jr. Hyers TM. Papadakos P. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: results of a randomized phase II trial. Inhaled Nitric Oxide in ARDS Study Group. Critical Care Medicine 1998; 26(1):15-23. CAT.
Troncy E. Collet JP. Shapiro S. Guimond JG. Blair L. Ducruet T. Francoeur M. Charbonneau M. Blaise G. Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled study. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine. 1998;157(5 Pt 1):1483-8. CAT.
Ranucci M, et al. Impact of oligon central venous catheters on catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 52-9 CAT by David Swann.
Review: Preventing Catheter-related Blood Stream Infection summary of the evidence - Dr David Swann, Dr Andrew Longmate, Dr Chris Cairns
Effects of different insertion sites on the rate of Central Venous Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection - Dr Chris Cairns Ruesch S, et al. Complications of central venous catheters: Internal jugular versus subclavian access - A systematic review. Crit Care Med 2002; 30:454-460. CAT. Merrer J, et al. Complications of Femoral & Subclavian Venous Catherterization in Critically ill Patients. JAMA, 2001:286;700-707. CAT. Deshpande KS, et al. The incidence of infectious complications of central venous catheters at the subclavian, internal jugular, and femoral sites in an intensive care population. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:13-20. CAT. Richet H, et al. Prospective multicenter study of vascular-catheter-related complications and risk factors for positive central-venous catheter cultures in intensive care patients. J Clin Micro 1990;28:2520-2525. CAT. McKinley S, et al. Incidence and Predictors of Central Venous Catheter related Infection in Intensive Care Patients. Anaes Intensive Care 1999;27:164-169. CAT. Goetz AM, et al. Risk of infection due to central venous catheters: effect of site of placement and catheter type. Infect Contol Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19:842-845. CAT. Moro ML, et al. Risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in surgical and intensive care units. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol 1994;15:253-264. CAT. Efficacy of Chlorhexidine-Containing Cutaneous Antiseptics in Prevention of (Vascular) Catheter Related Infection - Dr Andrew Longmate Maki DG, et al. Prospective Randomised Trial of Povidone-Iodine, Alcohol, and Chlorhexidine for Prevention of Infection Associated with Central Venous and Arterial Catheters. Lancet, 1991: 338; 339-343.CAT. Mimoz O, et al. Prospective , randomized trial of two antiseptic solutions for prevention of central venous or arterial catheter colonization and infection in intensive care unit patients. Critical Care Medicine, 1996;24 18818-23. CAT. Humar A, et al. Prospective Randomised Trial of 10% Povidone-Iodine versus 0.5% Tincture of Chlorhexidine as Cutaneous Antisepsis for Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Infection. Clinical Infectious Disease 2000; 31: 1001-7. CAT. Langgartner J, et al. Combined skin disinfection with chlorhexidine/propanol and aqueous povidone iodine reduces bacterial colonization of central venous catheters. Intensive Care Medicine (2004) 30: 1081-1088. CAT. Chaiyakunapruk N, et al. Chlorhexidine Campared with Povidone-Iodine Solution for Vascular Catheter-Site Care: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:792-801. CAT. Do antimicrobial central venous catheters prevent catheter-related blood stream infection in intensive care patients? - Dr David Swann Bach A, et al. Retention of antibacterial activity and bacterial colonization of antiseptic-bonded central venous catheters. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1996; 37: 315-322. CAT. Bong JJ, et al. Prevention of catheter related bloodstream infection by silver iontophoretic central venous catheters: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Pathol 2003; 56:731735. CAT. Bruin-Buisson C, et al. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infection with newer chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-coated catheters: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:837843. CAT. Carrasco MN, et al. Evaluation of a triple-lumen central venous heparin-coated catheter versus a catheter coated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine 2004, 30:633-8. CAT. Ciresi DL, et al. Failure of antiseptic bonding to prevent central venous catheter-related infection and sepsis. American Surgeon 1996; 62: 641-7. CAT. Collin GR, et al. Decreasing catheter colonization through the use of an antiseptic-impregnated catheter. Chest 1999; 115, 6: 1632-40. CAT. Dairoiuche RO, et al. A comparison of two antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters. New Eng J Med, 1999; 340: 1-8. CAT. George SJ, et al. Antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters reduce the incidence of bacterial colonization and associated infection in immunocompromised transplant patients.European Journal of Anaesthesiology 1997; 14: 428-31. CAT. Hannan M, et al. Antiseptic-bonded central venous catheters and bacterial colonisation Anaesthesia, 1999; 54: 868-872. CAT. Harter C, et al. Catheter-related infection and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein in hematologic-oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy: a prospective comparison of silver-coated and uncoated catheters. Cancer. 94(1):245-51, 2002 Jan 1. CAT. Heard SO, et al. Influence of triple-lumen central venous catheters coated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine on the incidence of catheter related bacteraemia. Arch Intern Med, 1998; 158: 81-87. CAT. Jaeger K, et al. Reduction of catheter-related infections in neutropenic patients: a prospective controlled randomized trial using a chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine-impregnated central venous catheter Ann Hematol., 2005; 84: 258262. CAT. Leon C, et al. Benefits of minocycline and rifampin-impregnated central venous catheters A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicenter trial. Intensive Care Medicine, 2004; 30: 1891-99. CAT. Logghe C, et al. Evaluation of chlorhexidine and silver-sulfadiazine impregnated central venous catheters for the prevention of bloodstream infection in leukaemic patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Hospital Infection 1997; 37: 145-156. CAT. Maki D, et al. Prevention of Central Venous Catheter-related Bloodstream Infection by Use of an Antiseptic-Impregnated Catheter. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 257-266. CAT. Pemberton LB, et al. No difference in catheter sepsis between standard and antiseptic central venous catheters. A prospective randomized trial. Archives of Surgery 1996; 131: 986-9. CAT. Raad I, et al. Central venous catheters coated with minocycline and rifampin for the prevention of catheter-related colonization and bloodstream infections. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127: 267-274. CAT. Ramsay J, et al. Incidence of catheter colonization and catheter related infection with an antiseptic impregnated triple lumen catheter. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:A115. CAT. Sheng W-H, et al. Evaluation of antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of catheter-related infection in intensive care unit patients. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2000; 38: 1-5. CAT. Tennenberg S, et al. A Prospective Randomized Trial of an Antibiotic- and Antiseptic-Coated Central Venous Catheter in the Prevention of Catheter-Related Infections. Archives of Surgery 1997; 132: 1348-1351. CAT. Yuecel N, et al. Reduced colonization and infection with miconazole rifampicin modified central venous catheters: a randomized controlled clinical. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2004; 54: 11091115. CAT.
Juan C.Yebenes, et al. Prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection in critically ill patients using a disinfectable, needle-free connector: A randomized controlled trial. AJIC 2004 32(5): 291-295. CAT by Phoebe Brodie.
Maximal Sterile Technique - Impact on CVC infections
Raad I, et al. Prevention of Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections by using Maximal Sterile Barrier Precautions during insertion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994;15:231-238. CAT by Chris Cairns
Review: Making Changes To Practice - Dr Malcolm Daniel Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. CAT.
Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. CAT.
Printed education materials: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. CAT.
Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. CAT.
Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group. CAT.
Review: Gastric Prophylaxis - Dr Chris Cairns Cook DJ, Witt LG, Cook RJ, Guyatt GH. Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in the Critically Ill: A Meta-Analysis. The American Journal of Medicine. 1991. 91;519-527 cAT Cook DJ, L.A. Laine, G.H. Guyatt, T.A. Rafin. Nosocomial Pneumonia and the Role of Gastric pH. A Meta-Analysis. Chest 1991; 100;1: 7-13 cat Cook DJ, et al for the Canadian Clinical Trails Group. Risk factors for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically ill patients. The New England Journal Of Medicine. 1994;330:377-81 cat Cook DJ, Reeve BK, Guyatt GH, Heyland DK, Griffiths LE, Buckingham L, Tryba M Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients. JAMA. 1996. 275;4: 308-314 cat O'Keefe GE et al. Incidence of Infectious Complications Associated With the Use Of Histamine2-Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Trauma Patients. Annals of Surgery. 1998. 227;(1):120-125 cat Cook DJ et al for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. NEJM 1998; 338:791-7 cat Cook DJ et al for The Canadian Clinical Trials Group. Risk Factors for Clinically important upper Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Critical Care Medicine. 1999;27(12):2812-2817 cat Messori A, Troppoli S, Gorini M, Corrado A. Bleeding and pneumonia in intensive care patients given ranitidine and sucralfate for prevention of stress ulcer: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2000;321:1-7 cat Review: Guillian-Barre Syndrome - Dr Malcolm Daniel Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Raphael, JC; Chevret, S; Hughes, RAC; Annane, D. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004. Date of Most Recent Update: 12-January-2004. CAT. Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Hughes, RAC; Raphael, JC; Swan, AV; van Doorn, PA. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004. Date of Most Recent Update: 26-November-2003. CAT. Corticosteroids for Guillain-Barre syndrome Hughes, RAC; van der Meche, FGA. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004. Date of Most Recent Update: 17-February-2004. CAT. Effect of methylprednisolone when added to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barrι syndrome: randomised trial. R van Koningsveld, P I M Schmitz, F G A van der Mechι, L H Visser, J Meulstee, P A van Doorn, for the Dutch GBS study group. Lancet 2004; 363: 192-96. CAT. Van den Berghe G, et al. Intensive Insulin Therapy in The Medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006;354:449-61. CAT by Chris Cairns Effect of an Intensive Glucose Management Protocol on the Mortality of Critically Ill Patients: Mayo Clin Proc. August 2004: 79(8): 992-1000. CAT by Paul McConnell. Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion on Mortality in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction The CREATE-ECLA Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2005;293:437-446. CAT By Paul McConnell. Van den Berghe, et al. Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: Insulin dose versus glycemic control. Crit Care Med 2003; Vol 31(2): 359-366. CAT By Ryan Moffat. Van Den Berghe et al, Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. NEJM 2001; 345: 1359 67. CAT by M. Daniel Review: Tight Glycaemic Control in ICU - Dr Kevin Rooney Van den Berghe G. et al. Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. NEJM 2001; 345 (19): 1359-1367 CAT
Scott JF, et al. Glucose Potassium Insulin Infusions in the Treatment of Acute Stroke Patients With Mild to Moderate Hyperglycaemia: The Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST) Stroke 1999 30 (4); 793-9 CAT
DIGAMI study group. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute MI in patients with diabetes mellitus. BMJ 1997; 314(7093):1512-1515. CAT
Early Non-invasive Ventilation Averts Extubation Failure in Patients at Risk. A Randomised Controlled Trial. Ferrer M, et al. Am J Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Jan 2006. Vol 173.pp 164-170 CAT by Pam Doherty Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, Squadrone E, Grassi M, Carlucci A, Beltrame F, Navalesi P. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2465-2470. CAT by Andrew Cadamy. John V. Peter, et al. Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation ( NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2006; 367: 1155-63 CAT by Brian Digby. Squadrone V, et al. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for treatment of Postoperative Hypoxaemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Volume 293; Feb 2005 Page 589-595. CAT by Pam Doherty Phua J, et al. Noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure due to chronic abstructive pulmonary disease vs. other conditions: effectiveness and predictors of failure. Int Care Med 2005; 31:533-539. CAT By Alice Murray. Esteban A, et al. Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Respiratory Failure after extubation. New Engl J Med 2004;350:2452-69. CAT by Pam Doherty Ferrer M, et al. Noninvasive Ventilation during Persistent Weaning Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Respiratory Crit Care Medicine Vol 168 pp 70-76 2003. CAT by Pam Doherty. Plant PK. Owen JL. Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2000 355(9219):1931-5. CAT By Ewan Jack. CAT Brochard L, et al. Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. 1995; 333(13):817-22. CAT by M. MacMillan
Multi-centre, cluster-randomized clinical trial of algorithms for critical-care enteral and parenteral therapy (ACCEPT). Claudio M. Martin et al for the Southwestern Ontario Critical Care Research Network. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2004: 170; 197-204 CAT by Marcia McDougall. Lewis SJ, Egger M, Sylvester PA, Thomas S. Early enteral feeding versus 'nil by mouth' after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. BMJ 2001; 323: 773-776. CAT by Marcia McDougal. Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: A systematic review. Critical Care Medicine 2001 Vol. 29 No.12. 2264-2270. CAT by Marcia McDougal. Review: Percutaneous Tracheostomy- Drs Price, Swann, Hughes Griffiths J, Barber VS, Morgan L, Young JD. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the timing of tracheostomy in adult patients undergoing artificial ventilation. BMJ. 2005; 330: 1243-1248. CAT.
Rumbak MJ, Newton M, Truncale T, Schwartz SW, Adams JW, Hazard PB. A prospective, randomised study comparing early percutaneous dilational tracheotomy to prolonged translaryngeal intubation (delayed tracheotomy) in critically ill medical patients. Critical Care Medicine 2004; 32: 1689 1694. CAT.
Bouderka MA, Fakhir B, Bouaggad A, Hmamouchi B, Hamoudi D, Harti A. Early tracheostomy versus prolonged endotracheal intubation in severe head injury. Journal of Trauma. 2004; 57: 251-254. CAT.
Saffle JR, Morris SE, Edelman L. Early tracheostomy does not improve outcome in burn patients. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation. 2002; 23: 431-438. CAT.
Rodriguez JL, Steinberg SM, Luchetti FA, Gibbons KJ, Taheri PA, Flint LM. Early tracheostomy for primary airway management in the surgical critical care setting. Surgery. 1990; 108: 655-659. CAT.
Dunham CM, LaMonica C. Prolonged tracheal intubation in the trauma patient. Journal of Trauma Injury, Infection and Critical Care. 1984; 24: 120-124. CAT.
Vinsonneau C, Camus C, Combes A, et al, on behalf of the Hemodiafe Study Group. Continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration versus intermittent haemodialysis for acute renal failure in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2006; 368: 379-85. CAT by Chris Cairns & Rachel Kearns Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG et al for the SHOCK Trial Investigators. Early Revascularisation and Long-Term Survival in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction. JAMA 2006; 295: 2511-15. CAT by Stephen Harris. Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, Squadrone E, Grassi M, Carlucci A, Beltrame F, Navalesi P. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 2465-2470. CAT by Andrew Cadamy. Solanki P. Chawla A. Garg R. Gupta R. Jain M. Sarin SK. Beneficial effects of terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 18(2):152-6, 2003 CAT by Ewan Jack. De Gans J, et al. Dexamethasone in Adults with Bacterial Meningitis. NEngl J Med 2002; 347: 1549-56 CAT by Celia Bygrave and Chris Cairns. Rhodes A, et al. A Randomised controlled trial of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:256-264 CAT by Nityanand Lanka. Ronco C, et al. Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet 2000 Vol 356 (9223) 26-30 CAT by Ewan Jack. Verheij J, et al. Effect of fluid loading with saline or colloids on pulmonary permeability, oedema and lung injury score after cardiac and major vascular surgery. Br J Anaesth 2006; 96 (1):21-30. CAT by Rebecca Appelboam. Pearse et al. Early goal-directed therapy after major surgery reduces complications and duration of hospital stay. A randomised, controlled trial. Critical Care 2005, 9:R687-R693. CAT. by David Elliot Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S et al for the REACT Trial Investigators. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 2758-68. CAT by Stephen Harris Harvey S, Harrison DA, Singer M et al. Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the pulmonary artery catheter; a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 472- 477. CAT by Brian Cuthbertson. Merit Study Investigators. Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005. 365: 2091-7. CAT. By B Cuthbertson. Mayer SA, et al. Recombinant Activated Factor VII for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage. NEJM 2005: 352(8); 777 785. CAT By Ewan Jack. CRASH group: Effect of intravenous corticosteroids on death within 14 days in 10,008 adults with clinically significant head injury (MRC CRASH Trial): randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004:364;1321-1328 CAT by C Wallace. Rumbak MJ et al. A prospective, randomised study comparing early percutaneous dilational tracheotomy to prolonged translaryngeal intubation (delayed tracheotomy) in critically ill medical patients. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 1689 - 1694. CAT by R Price. The SAFE study investigators, A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2247-56. CAT by C Cairns. Merten GJ. Burgess WP. Gray LV. Holleman JH. Roush TS. Kowalchuk GJ. Bersin RM. Van Moore A. Simonton CA 3rd. Rittase RA. Norton HJ. Kennedy TP. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 291(19):2328-34, 2004. CAT. by N Ledingham & D Swann.
Baker
CS. Wragg A. Kumar S. De Palma R. Baker LR. Knight CJ. A rapid protocol for the
prevention of contrast-induced renal dysfunction: the RAPPID study. Journal of
the American College of Cardiology. 41(12):2114-8, 2003.
CAT
by N Ledingham & D Swann. Sandham J D, Hull R D, Brant RF et al. A Randomised , Controlled Trial of the Use of Pulmonary-Artery Catheters in High Risk Surgical Patients. New Engl J Med 2003: 348(1); 5-14. CAT by M Geddes. van Walraven C, et al. Vaildation of a clinical decision aid to discontinue in-hospital cardiac resuscitation. JAMA 2001; 285: 1602-6. CAT by M Daniel. Zandbergen EGJ, et al.Systematic review of early prediction of poor outcome in anoxic-ischaemic coma. Lancet 1998; 352: 1808 - 12. CAT by M Daniel. Kress JP, et al. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. NEJM 2000; 342: 1471-1477. CAT By Tim Geary Kress JP, et al. The long term psychological effects of daily sedative interruptions on critically ill patients. AJRCCM 2003; 168: 1457- 1461. CAT By Tim Geary. Kruger P et al. Statin therapy is associated with fewer deaths in patients with bacteraemia. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:75-79 CAT by Niraj Niranjan Abraham E, et al. Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death. New Engl J Med 2005;353:1332-41. CAT. By P Harrison & C Cairns Busund R, et al. Plasmapheresis in severe sepsis and septic shock: prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med (2002) 28:1434-1439. CAT by V Ramanathan. Derek C Angus, et al. The effect of drotrecogin alfa (activated) on long-term survival after severe sepsis. Crit Care Med 2004;Vol 32; No 11: 2199-2206. CAT By Caroline Hawe. Annane D, et al. Corticosteroids for severe sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2004; 329: 480 - 488. CAT by M Daniel. Minneci PC, et al. Meta-analysis: The Effect of Steroids on Survival and Shock during Sepsis Depends on the Dose. Ann Int Med. 2004;141:47-56. CAT by C Cairns. Lopez A et al. Multiple-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 546C88: Effect on survival in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med 2004:32(1);21-30. CAT by C Cairns. Review: Sepsis Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment - Dr Malcolm Daniel Bernard GR et al, Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated Protein C for severe sepsis. NEJM 2001; 344: 699-709 CAT
Opal SM et al, High-dose Antithrombin III in severe sepsis. JAMA 2001; 286: 1869-1878. CAT
Rivers E, Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. NEJM 2001;345:1368-77 CAT
Bollaert P et al, Reversal of late septic shock with supraphysiological doses of hydrocortisone. Critical Care Medicine 1998; 26: 645-50. CAT
Briegel J et al, Stress doses of hydrocortisone reverse hyperdynamic septic shock. Critical Care Medicine 1999; 27: 723 732. CAT
Annane D et al, Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA 2002; 288: 862 - 871. CAT
Annane D et al, A 3-level prognostic classification in septic shock based on cortisol levels and cortisol response to corticotrophin. JAMA 2000;283:1038-1045. CAT
Van Den Berghe et al, Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients. NEJM 2001; 345: 1359 67. CAT
Pugin J et al, Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001;164:396-402. CAT
M Holzer et al.: Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, Critical Care Medicine 2005, Vol.33: 414-418. CAT By Anja Beilharz. Clifton GL et al. Lack of Effect of Induction of Hypothermia after Acute Brain Injury. The New England Journal of Medicine 2001 344; 8: 556-563 CAT by C Cairns. Review: Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest - Dr Chris Cairns Bernard SA, TW Gray, MD Buist, BM Jones, W Silvester, G
Gutteridge, K Smith. The hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia To Improve Neurologic Outcome After Cardiac Arrest. NEJM 2002, 346;8:549-56 cat Review: Prevention of VAP - Drs David Swann, Joyce Stuart, Mo Al-Haddad, Barbara Miles Sub-glottic Drainage - Dr Joyce Stuart Smulders K, et al. A randomized clinical trial of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 2002; 121: 858-862. CAT.
Kollef M, et al. A randomised clinical trial of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in cardiac surgery patients. Chest 1999; 116: 1339-1346. CAT.
Valles J, et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 179-186. CAT.
Mahul P, et al. Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis. Intensive Care Medicine 1992; 18: 20-25. CAT.
Pulled results. J. Stuart 2004. CAT.
HME vs HWH - Dr David Swann (Updated Sept. 2005 & July 2006)
Martin C, et al. Heat and moisture exchangers and vaporizing humidifiers in the intensive care unit Chest 1990; 97: 144-9. CAT. Roustan JP et al., Comparison of hydrophobic heat and moisture exchangers with heated humidifier during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Medicine 1992; 18: 97-100. CAT. Dreyfuss D et al. Mechanical ventilation with heated humidifiers or heat and moisture exchangers: effects on patient colonization and incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 1995; 151: 986-992. CAT. Branson R, et al. Comparison of 3 humidification techniques during mechanical ventilation: patient selection, cost and infection considerations. Respiratory Care 1995; 41: 809-16. CAT. Kirton OC et al. A prospective, randomized comparison of an in-line heater moisture exchange filter and heated wire humidifiers. Kirton OC et al., Chest 1997; 112: 1055-59. CAT. Boots RJ et al. Clinical utility of hygroscopic heat and moisture exchangers in intensive care patients. Critical Care Medicine 1997; 25:1707-1712. CAT. Kollef MH. A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing an Extended-Use Hygroscopic Condenser Humidifier With Heated-Water Humidification in Mechanically Ventilated Patients. Chest 1998; 113:759-67. CAT. Memish Z et al. A randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of a heat and moisture exchanger with a heated humidifying system on the occurrence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Infect Control 2001; 29:301-5. CAT. Impact of Humidification Systems on Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. A Randomized Multicenter Trial Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 172: 12761282. CAT.
NIV & VAP - Dr Barbara Miles Massimo Antonelli, Giorgio Conti et al: A comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation inpatients with acute respiratory failure. NEJM 1998; 339:429-435. CAT. Laurent Brochard, Jordi Mancebo et al: Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NEJM 1995; 333:817-22. CAT. Gilles Hilbert, Didier Gruson et al: Noninvasive ventilation in immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates, fever and acute respiratory failure. NEJM 2001;344:481-7. CAT. Massimo Antonelli, Giogio Conti et al: Noninvasive ventilation for treatment of acute respiratory failure in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation. JAMA 2000; 283:235-241. CAT. Patient Position & VAP - Dr Mo Al-Haddad Drakulovic MB. Torres A. Bauer TT. Nicolas JM. Nogue S. Ferrer M. Supine body
position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated
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CAT The Use of Kinetic Beds in the Prevention VAP - Dr David Swann Demarest GB, et al. Use of the kinetic treatment table to prevent the pulmonary complications of multiple trauma. West. J Med. 1989 Jan;150(1):35-8. CAT.
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Whiteman K , et al. Effects of continuous lateral rotation therapy on pulmonary complications in liver transplant patients. Am J Crit Care. 1995 Mar; 4(2):133-9. CAT.
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Summer WR, et al. Continuous mechanical turning of ICU patients shortens length of stay in some diagnostic-related groups. J Crit Care, 1989; 4: 45-53. CAT.
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